hillerscheidt



(No Model.) 4 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

0'. HILLERSOHEIDT.

SELF LOOKING HOISTING DEVICE. No. 484,932. Patented Oct. 25, 1892.

1 ,7 mic 7".

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

0. HILLERSGHEIDT. SELF LOCKING HOISTING DEVICE.

No. 484,932. Patented Oct. 25, 1892.

ITLZIG hi0 7".

(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 3.

' O. HILLERSGHBIDT.

SELF LOCKING HOISTING DEVICE.

No. 484,932. Patented 001;. 25, 1892.

m: "cams PETERS no. PNO'TO-LITHQ. wasmmrrom u. 04

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OSCAR I-IILLERSOHEIDT, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

SELF-LOCKING HOISTING DEVICE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,932, dated October25, 1892.

Application filed February 29, 1892. Serial No. 423,263. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR HILLERSOHEIDT, mechanical engineer, a subjectof the King of Prussia and German Emperor, and a resident of the city ofBerlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Self- Locking Hoisting Devices;and I do hereby declare the following to be full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in a self-locking hoisting device,which have for their object, on the one hand, to cause a brakingapparatus connected with such gear to be acted upon by the load to beraised in such manner that after the hauling power has ceased to beexerted the load cannot of itself descend again by gravity, While, onthe other hand, the said brake apparatus can be re leased at will byhand to such an extent as to allow the load to descend with any desiredmoderate velocity.

I will proceed to describe the said invention with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which it is applied to ordinary pulley blocksor sheaves such, for example, as the kind indicated diagrammatically atFigure 10.

Fig. 1 is a side view of a pulley-block with my improvements. Fig. 2 isavertical sectional view of Fig. 1. detail views of modifications of themanner of arranging the operatinglever. Fig. 6 is a side view, partly insection, of a modified form of brake-disk. Fig. 7 is a side view of amodification. Figs. 8 and 9 show a vertical section and a side elevationof a further modification. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view of the mannerof suspending the hoisting chain and block. Fig. 11 is a detail viewshowing how the brake device can be combined with the arrangement shownin Fig. 10; and Figs. 12, 13, and 14 are modifications, partly insection.

In the arrangement shown in side view and vertical section at Figs. 1and 2 an ordinary worm and worm-wheel pulley-block is connected with itssuspension-hook g by a crosshead T, which can move in all directions inone of the block-cheeks, while in the other block-cheek it is carried,also rotatable in all Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are directions, by an eccentrici, which in its turn is rotatable in the block cheek and has attached toit a lever is, which is connected to a brake and can be moved by hand,so as to release such brake. The brake-disk, which can be on anyrotating spindle of the apparatus, contains ratchet-teeth r, with whichgears a pawl s. This pawl is pivoted on a block fixed on the brakespindle or shaft 0 and is so arranged as to leave the brake-spindle freeto revolve independently of the brakedisk in the direction correspondingto the raising of the load; but when the spindle revolves in thecontrary direction, consequent upon the sinking of the load, the pawlcarries the brake-disk with it.

The application of the frictional brake-sun facessuch as, in the presentinstance, the brake-band upon the brake-disk s-is effected by causingthe load, by means of the pulleyblock, to exert a pull on the actualcenter of the eccentric 2', while the suspension-hook g is connected tothe eccentric center of rotation T of the eccentric 2'. If the linedrawn through the actual center of the eccentric and the center T of therotation is approximately at right angles to the vertical center line ofsuspension, the eccentric i will, on the downward pull exerted by theload on the block, be caused to rotate to a certain extent, and isthereby made to impart motion to the leverarm is, which is fixedthereto, and this in its turn actuates a rod F, so as to cause this toapply the brake-band to the disk 8'. By suitably proportioning theeccentricity of c and the length of leverage atwhich the rod F acts itis possible to determine at will the amount of brake-power applied.\Vhen applying the said braking device to hauling apparatus of theabove-described kind as at present constructed, the brake will of coursebe applied with the greater force the heavier the load is, and with aproportionately great eccentricity and leverage this action can be suchas to actually prevent the descent of the load. In order now to permitof the load being lowered at any desired speed, it is only necessary tomove the lever by hand in the direction in which it will effect therelease of the brakeband, for which purpose, of course, the lever mustbe of a sufficient length.

Instead of a single lever k and eccentric i,

there maybe two of these-namely, an eccentric and lever on each sidecheck of the block-and these maybe made to act in such manner that ofthe two corresponding rods F one is made to apply its brake-strap by ashort arm 10* of pressure and the other by tension, as shown by thearrangement of the lever-arms k k in said Figs. 3 and 4, respectively,in relation to the centers T. The corresponding arrangement of theeccentricsthat is to say, the positions of the centers of motion for theabove case-is shown at Figs. 3 and 4. \Vith hauling apparatus forsmaller loads the eccentric t'would have to be too large in proportion.In this case, therefore, instead of an eccentric I employ thearrangement shown at Fig. 5, where it is replaced by a lever k, on whichare provided the center.

pin 1 for the attachment of the suspensionhook and the center pin 2' forattachment to the block-cheeks 71, such center pins taking the place ofthe center T and center of eccentric i in the previous arrangement.

Figs. 6 and 7 show a construction in which in place of mounting thecross-head T of the hook g in eccentrics, as at Fig. 2, the axis of thechain-wheelb,carryingtheload,ismounted in eccentrics 2' The levers k ofthe eccentrics are connected at their ends with the pins of abrake-block g, which presses upon a brake-disk 3, connected rotatablywith the cheeks h of the hauling apparatus. On raising the load thebrake-disk s is stationary; but on'ceasing to haul up the load the pawls on a revolving shaft (here shown to be the worm-shaft) gears with theratchet-teeth r of the brake-disk s, and thus prevents the backwardmotion of the axis and consequently the sinking of theload, the pawl 3being made to slide over the ratchet-teeth during the hauling motion. Onreleasing the brake-disk s to a greater or less extent of the pressureof the brake-block by hand it will be carried round with the axis bymeans of the pawl, such rotation and consequently the descent of theload being governed by the pressure of the brake-block. brake-block g orof its lever 10 is in Fig. 7 shown to be effected by means of ahand-lever and eccentric. It may, however, be 'eifected in any otherconvenient manner, such as by a wedge, screw, short lever-arm, &c.

In the arrangement shown at Figs. 8 and 9 the eccentric-lever in, whoseeccentric 2' is here made to carry the cross-head of the hook g, asfirst described, bears with its brakeblock 9 against the brake-disk s,which rests rotatably on the brake-surfaces a 0., carried bythe sidecheeks. A pawl s carried by the load-chain wheel 1), slides over theteeth of the brake-disk when rotated in the direction for raising theload, but gears with the same as soon as the hauling strain ceases, andthus prevents any backward rotation of the chainwheel until thebrake-block g is slightly raised by hand, whereupon the brake-disk willbe caused by the pawl s to rotate in The ready raising of the overcominga greater or less amount of frictional resistance, and this will allowof the backward rotation of the chain-wheel and descent of the load.

Figs. 10 to 14 show constructions in which instead of effecting theapplication of the brake by a slight motion of the loaded block or frameof the hauling apparatusorby the loaded chain-wheel, as in Figs. 1 to 8,a lever k" is provided below the apparatus which is caused to apply thebrake by being. acted upon by the fixed end P of the hauling-chain, asat Fig. 10. This lever is shown in Fig. 12 pivoted at i to the frame andhavingits long arm extending under the friction brake-wheel s to pressthe brake-block g thereon. The short arm of the lever is hooked at 11and sustains the weight of the chain P and the load. The frictionbrake-wheel is loose on the shaft 0, which has a worm "gearing with aworm-wheel 10 on the shaft of the chain-wheel b, as will be readilyunderstood from Figs. 10 and 12, and it engages the said shaft to movetherewith when the load is lowered by the pawl s" and 'the ratchet-wheel'r" on the shaft. From this it will be clearly seen that when the loadis being hoisted the ratchet-wheel will turn freely forward under thepawl, which will simply drop into the teeth in succession, the weight ofthe load and the chain P holding the lever-arm 10 up with the block gbearing strongly against the brake-wheel s and thus when the liftingaction ceases and the load tends to fall the ratchet-wheel engages thepawl, which tends to turn the friction- Wheel 5 and this movementisresisted to any desired degree by the pressure of theblock g on saidwheel, which pressure may be regulated by adjusting the lever by pullingdown on the cord 1.

In the arrangement at Fig. 11 i is the cocentric, through theeccentric-bore of which the bolt 1' of the shackle h passes, that conthehauling apparatus. The lever k fixed to the eccentric i as also the rodF, connected thereto, transmits the tendency to rotary motion of theeccentric produced by the pull of the loaded chain P as a straight pullto the brake device, which is not shown, which of course may be of anywell-known form.

For relieving the brake the lever 70 is drawn downward (more or less) bymeans of the cord Z, so that the fixed end of the chain P',as also thelever k and rod F, are slightly raised, and thus move the brake block orstrap out of action to the required degree to allow of a correspondingdescent of the load.

In the arrangements shown at Figs. 12 and 13 the eccentric istransformed intoa book i, from which the end of a chain P is suspended.With regard to Fig. 13 it may be stated that with this construction thelength of lever-arm for the attachment of the load can be varied withincertain limits by means of a screw w. This is for the purpose of adjusting the leverage to suit different weights of loads; also, if agreater or less quantity of oil should pass unintentionally to thebrake-surfaces from the spindle-bearings it may become necessary toadjust the brake-leverage.

In Fig. 13 the screw w presses the brakeblock 9' directly against thebrake-surface, the said block being arranged in an opening in thebearing 10. If the screw is turned backward in the direction of thearrow 1 the point of attachment of the chain P will, in consequence ofthe slight rotation of the lever k i approach the vertical line passingthrough the point of suspension 71 of the lever, and consequently theideal leverage at which the load acts will become shorter, while thelever-arm from the point 11 to the point of the screw to remains aboutthe same. The result will therefore be that the brake-pressure will bediminished. In adjusting the screw in the contrary direction to thearrow y it will be seen that an increase of the brakepressure will beproduced. This change in the leverage, it will be seen, is'due to thefact that the end of the chain is loose on the hooked end vi of thelever, which is therefore free to move toward and from the pivot of thelever as said lever is tilted, and this shifting movement is due to thepeculiar curve of the upper edge of the hook, as it will be seen that atraising of the hook 2' will cause the chain to slip nearer the pivot. Asin the construction at Fig. 13 the hand-lever 70" acts upon the lever 10by means of a cam for the purpose of enabling a very slight release ofthe brake to be effected with aheavy load on the hauling apparatus. Itmay be necessary in adjusting the screw to also to provide for acorresponding adjustment of the axis of the lever 10". In Fig. 14 theeccentric t'is also replaced by a short lever, the second arm 70 ofwhich, however, presses a brakeblock formed as a wedge against thebrakesurface a. The release of the brake is effected by a correspondingslight backward motion of the wedge g by means of the hand-lever k' anda small pressing-rod b In Figs. 13 and 14 the brake-blocks pressdirectly against the sleeve 5 arranged to rotate within the bearing a ofthe frame.- This sleeve receives the end of the shaft 0, which, whilenot shown fully, is connected to the chain-wheel in a manner similar tothat before described in relation to Fig. 12, said shaft carryingrigidly a toothed disk 0" which is the equivalentof the ratchet TX ofsaid Fig. 12, while the sleeve, which is loose on the sleeve 0, carriesa pawl s, engaging said disk in a manner similar to the before-mentionedpawl 8*, the said pawl being pivoted at 50 to the sleeve.

I claim- 1. In combination, the pulley-block, the

chain-wheel carried thereby, a loosely-journaled rotary brake device,also carried by the said block, a brake-lever normally in connectionwith the said rotary device and under tension of the load, whereby thesaid device will be held stationary normally, and a pawland-ratchetconnection between the said rotary brake device and the chain-wheel andarranged to turn the said device upon the fall of the load when thepressure of the brake-lever is relieved, and the means for operating thebrake-lever to release the rotary brake device and allow it to turn moreor less freely under the action of the pawland-ratchet connections,substantially as described.

2. In combination, the pulley-block and its chain-wheel, thebrake-lever, and the rotary brake device in connection with each othernormally, the said rotary part being loosely mounted on the block, thechain having one end supported on the brake-lever to apply a tensionthereto, and the pawl-and-ratchet connection between the rotary brakedevice and the chain-wheel and arranged to turn the brake device as theload descends upon the release of the brake-lever, and means forcontrolling the pressure of the brake-lever on the rotary brake device,substantially as described.

3. In combination, the 'pulleyblock, the chain-wheel, the brake deviceindependent thereof, the lever having one arm connected with the brakedevice, the hoisting-chain sup ported on the other arm, and the manualoperating ineans for the lever, substantially as described.

4. In combination, the pulley-block and brake device, the pivoted leverconnected with said brake device, the hoisting-chain connected with thelever, and the means for adjusting the leverage, substantially asdescribed.

5. In combination, the pulley-block and brake device, the pivoted leverconnected with the brake device, the chain connected with the lever, andthe screw to for adjusting the said lever, substantially as described.

6. In combination, the pulley-block, the shaft 0', carrying a toothedwheel and a loose pawl support, the brake-block to bear against saidsupport, the pivoted lever connected with the brake-block, thehoisting=chain connected with said lever, and the manual connections foroperating the lever, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

OSCAR HILLERSOHEIDT.

Witnesses:

MARC M. ROTTEN, OSCAR SCHMIDT.

